hi5 - Groups - Chemistry - WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT USES OF AMONIA GAS?

Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, also is a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous.

Ammonia, as used commercially, is often called anhydrous ammonia. This term emphasizes the absence of water in the material. Because NH3 boils at -33 °C, the liquid must be stored under high pressure or at low temperature. Its heat of vaporization is, however, sufficiently great that NH3 can be readily handled in ordinary beakers in a fume hood. "Household ammonia" or "ammonium hydroxide" is a solution of NH3 in water. The strength of such solutions is measured in units of baume (density), with 26 degrees baume (about 30 weight percent ammonia at 15.5 °C) being the typical high concentration commercial product. Household ammonia ranges in concentration from 5 to 10 weight percent ammonia

Toxicity and storage information

Household use
Solutions of ammonia (5–10% by weight) are used as household cleaners, particularly for glass. These solutions are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes (respiratory and digestive tracts), and to a lesser extent the skin. They should never be mixed with chlorine-containing products or strong oxidants, for example household bleach, as a variety of toxic and carcinogenic compounds are formed (e.g., chloramine, hydrazine, and chlorine gas). Ammonia and sodium hypochlorite react to form a number of products, depending on the temperature, concentration, and how they are mixed.The main reaction is chlorination of ammonia, first giving chloramine (NH2Cl), then NHCl2 and finally nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). These materials are very irritating to eyes and lungs and are toxic above certain concentrations.

Nitric Acid production

4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O
2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2
2 NO2 + 2 H2O → 2 HNO3 + H2
The catalyst is essential, as the normal oxidation (or combustion) of ammonia gives dinitrogen and water: the production of nitric oxide is an example of kinetic control. As the gas mixture cools to 200–250 °C, the nitric oxide is in turn oxidized by the excess of oxygen present in the mixture, to give nitrogen dioxide. This is reacted with water to give nitric acid for use in the production of fertilizers and explosives.

Fertilizer
In addition to serving as a fertilizer ingredient, ammonia can also be used directly as a fertilizer by forming a solution with irrigation water, without additional chemical processing. This later use allows the continuous growing of nitrogen dependent crops such as maize (corn) without crop rotation but this type of use leads to poor soil health.

Refrigeration - R717

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	IT IS USED TO FOR REFIGERATION Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by david IT IS USED TO FOR REFIGERATION Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	May 2, 2008 5:39 AM
	Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, also is a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. Ammonia, as used commercially, is often called anhydrous ammonia. This term emphasizes the absence of water in the material. Because NH3 boils at -33 °C, the liquid must be stored under high pressure or at low temperature. Its heat of vaporization is, however, sufficiently great that NH3 can be readily handled in ordinary beakers in a fume hood. "Household ammonia" or "ammonium hydroxide" is a solution of NH3 in water. The strength of such solutions is measured in units of baume (density), with 26 degrees baume (about 30 weight percent ammonia at 15.5 °C) being the typical high concentration commercial product. Household ammonia ranges in concentration from 5 to 10 weight percent ammonia Toxicity and storage information Household use Solutions of ammonia (5–10% by weight) are used as household cleaners, particularly for glass. These solutions are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes (respiratory and digestive tracts), and to a lesser extent the skin. They should never be mixed with chlorine-containing products or strong oxidants, for example household bleach, as a variety of toxic and carcinogenic compounds are formed (e.g., chloramine, hydrazine, and chlorine gas). Ammonia and sodium hypochlorite react to form a number of products, depending on the temperature, concentration, and how they are mixed.The main reaction is chlorination of ammonia, first giving chloramine (NH2Cl), then NHCl2 and finally nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). These materials are very irritating to eyes and lungs and are toxic above certain concentrations. Nitric Acid production 4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 2 NO2 + 2 H2O → 2 HNO3 + H2 The catalyst is essential, as the normal oxidation (or combustion) of ammonia gives dinitrogen and water: the production of nitric oxide is an example of kinetic control. As the gas mixture cools to 200–250 °C, the nitric oxide is in turn oxidized by the excess of oxygen present in the mixture, to give nitrogen dioxide. This is reacted with water to give nitric acid for use in the production of fertilizers and explosives. Fertilizer In addition to serving as a fertilizer ingredient, ammonia can also be used directly as a fertilizer by forming a solution with irrigation water, without additional chemical processing. This later use allows the continuous growing of nitrogen dependent crops such as maize (corn) without crop rotation but this type of use leads to poor soil health. Refrigeration - R717 Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by Michael Abimbola Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, also is a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. Ammonia, as used commercially, is often called anhydrous ammonia. This term emphasizes the absence of water in the material. Because NH3 boils at -33 °C, the liquid must be stored under high pressure or at low temperature. Its heat of vaporization is, however, sufficiently great that NH3 can be readily handled in ordinary beakers in a fume hood. "Household ammonia" or "ammonium hydroxide" is a solution of NH3 in water. The strength of such solutions is measured in units of baume (density), with 26 degrees baume (about 30 weight percent ammonia at 15.5 °C) being the typical high concentration commercial product. Household ammonia ranges in concentration from 5 to 10 weight percent ammonia Toxicity and storage information Household use Solutions of ammonia (5–10% by weight) are used as household cleaners, particularly for glass. These solutions are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes (respiratory and digestive tracts), and to a lesser extent the skin. They should never be mixed with chlorine-containing products or strong oxidants, for example household bleach, as a variety of toxic and carcinogenic compounds are formed (e.g., chloramine, hydrazine, and chlorine gas). Ammonia and sodium hypochlorite react to form a number of products, depending on the temperature, concentration, and how they are mixed.The main reaction is chlorination of ammonia, first giving chloramine (NH2Cl), then NHCl2 and finally nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). These materials are very irritating to eyes and lungs and are toxic above certain concentrations. Nitric Acid production 4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 2 NO2 + 2 H2O → 2 HNO3 + H2 The catalyst is essential, as the normal oxidation (or combustion) of ammonia gives dinitrogen and water: the production of nitric oxide is an example of kinetic control. As the gas mixture cools to 200–250 °C, the nitric oxide is in turn oxidized by the excess of oxygen present in the mixture, to give nitrogen dioxide. This is reacted with water to give nitric acid for use in the production of fertilizers and explosives. Fertilizer In addition to serving as a fertilizer ingredient, ammonia can also be used directly as a fertilizer by forming a solution with irrigation water, without additional chemical processing. This later use allows the continuous growing of nitrogen dependent crops such as maize (corn) without crop rotation but this type of use leads to poor soil health. Refrigeration - R717 Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	May 3, 2008 11:24 AM
	NH3 is also used to sterilize equipment and to neutralize any acid component of crude oil... Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by Leon NH3 is also used to sterilize equipment and to neutralize any acid component of crude oil... Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	Jun 12, 2008 7:32 AM
	Ammonia gives you nitric acid,varius firtilizers,is good reducing agent,a strong base and nucleophile in organic synthesis.A very good compexing agent and a sound part of coordination chemistry and much more. Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by arsh khan Ammonia gives you nitric acid,varius firtilizers,is good reducing agent,a strong base and nucleophile in organic synthesis.A very good compexing agent and a sound part of coordination chemistry and much more. Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	Jun 13, 2008 7:45 AM
	opps ! never hear like that(ammonia mixed with water for fertilizer !)! It is mixed with phosphoric acid to give di ammonium phosphate (DAP) which is a good fertilizer. If potash (MOP)is mixed to DAP gives NPK. Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by Mahesh S Bather opps ! never hear like that(ammonia mixed with water for fertilizer !)! It is mixed with phosphoric acid to give di ammonium phosphate (DAP) which is a good fertilizer. If potash (MOP)is mixed to DAP gives NPK. Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	Jun 20, 2008 10:10 AM
	it is used as fuel in rockets and jets. it is a good reducing agent. it is taken by nitrifying bacteria and later converted into nitrates which is very important in plants. Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by olive TSAFACK it is used as fuel in rockets and jets. it is a good reducing agent. it is taken by nitrifying bacteria and later converted into nitrates which is very important in plants. Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	Jul 16, 2008 7:29 PM
	Hydrazine is used as solid rocket fuel and never heard ammonia being used as rocket fuel. Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by Mahesh S Bather Hydrazine is used as solid rocket fuel and never heard ammonia being used as rocket fuel. Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	Jul 17, 2008 9:33 AM
	liquid ammonia is extensively used as solvent for metal analysis Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by Dyanna Stephania liquid ammonia is extensively used as solvent for metal analysis Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	Aug 27, 2008 1:55 PM
	it serves as a precursor in fertilizers,its use in bombs and can be use for a explosive. Reply \| Report Abuse Posted by kimberley rainford it serves as a precursor in fertilizers,its use in bombs and can be use for a explosive. Note: To add an image or link in your message,<br/> use <img src="http://www.hi5.com/example.jpg"> or <a href="http://www.hi5.com/example.html">Text </a> Quote Original Watch this Topic	Sep 10, 2008 7:46 AM

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